What is majolica ?

A-pair-of-italian-maiolica-blue-and-white-large-oviform-vases-XIXth-century 

credit : Christie's

It will be very difficult to talk about this subject without pronouncing at least once the shores of the Mediterranean. Because this is indeed the cradle (if I may say so) of this technique and its development in Europe. 

If you are as good a detective as Hercule Poirot you may have noticed that the Answer to the origin of Majolica is already in its name, notably the first two syllables, have you found it ? I'll give you a few more seconds... 

Yes, the term is derived from "Majorca" (Mallorca), from this stunning island, it was diffused on the Spanish continent then on the East side by Italy via Sicily circa 13th century.

An-italian-Maiolica-double-handled-Albarello-circa-1530-Siena

Credit : Christie's

 So how do you make majolica ?

 To start a good recipe you need good ingredients :

Characterized by its colors and decorative work. It's made from a white clay paste which is fired twice, once to make it solid and a second time to apply the glaze. The decoration is then painted on the still hot enamel and fired a third time.

First, the clay piece is shaped and dried. Then an engobe (a mixture of liquid clay) is applied to the surface to achieve a smooth finish. Once dry, the engobe is polished to create an even base for the colored enamel.

The next step is the application of colored enamel. Ceramists use brushes to paint the designs with mineral pigments to create vivid colors and intricate patternsor use dipping or pouring techniques to achieve special effects. The pigments used are generally based on metal oxides, such as cobalt, copper, iron and manganese, which react to the heat of cooking.

The piece is then fired at a relatively low temperature in a special kiln called a majolica kiln. This firing allows the colors to set and develop their characteristic shine. Once removed from the kiln, the majolica has a shiny and lively surface.

urbino-maiolica-plate-italy-16th-century

Credit : National Geographic Art

Majolica is valued for its artistic beauty and versatility. It has been used in interior decoration such as: flowerpots, jardinieres, vases, plates, decorative objects, murals, floor coverings, fireplaces, also in architecture with embellishing building facades often decorated with historical scenes, landscapes, floral motifs or figures. 

Today, majolica continues to be a popular ceramic art form around the world. Contemporary ceramists have pushed the boundaries of traditional technique by experimenting with new patterns, using innovative glazes and incorporating modern influences. Majolica is a living testimony to : history, culture, tradition, design and its artistic heritage.

Here is the outline, you have noticed that I have not mentioned (yet) the famous English Victorian majolica, do not worry, that the fans of Minton and others are reassured (and of which I 'am part) several future articles will be devoted to this period and the work of these earthenware factories.